1 (a)
What is data compression? Compare lossy and lossless compression.
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1 (b)
Given an alphabet A = {a1, a2, a3, a4}, find the first order entropy in the
following cases:
1. P(a1) = P(a2) = P(a3) = P(a4) =1?4
2. P(a1) = 1?2, P(a2) = 1?4, P(a3) = P(a4) =1/8
3. P(a1) = 0.505, P(a2) = 1?4, P(a3) = 1/8 and P(a4) =0.12
1. P(a1) = P(a2) = P(a3) = P(a4) =1?4
2. P(a1) = 1?2, P(a2) = 1?4, P(a3) = P(a4) =1/8
3. P(a1) = 0.505, P(a2) = 1?4, P(a3) = 1/8 and P(a4) =0.12
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2 (a)
Determine the minimum variance Huffman code with the given probabilities.
P(a2) = 0.4, P(a1) = 0.2, P(a3) = 0.2, P(a4) = 0.1, P(a5) = 0.1.
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2 (b)
What is uniquely decodable code, explain? Determine whether the following
codes are uniquely decodable or not.
1. {0,01,11,111}
2. {0,01,110,111}
3. {0,10,110,111}
4. {1,10,110,111}
1. {0,01,11,111}
2. {0,01,110,111}
3. {0,10,110,111}
4. {1,10,110,111}
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2 (c)
Explain Shannon-Fano algorithm in detail taking suitable example.
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3 (a)
Draw the necessary tree for the sequence ?aardv? using the update procedure of
Adaptive Huffman Coding.
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3 (b)
Decode the following string 00000101000100000110001011001000100001010
Using Adaptive Huffman Coding technique.
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3 (c)
What is quantization? Explain the process of quantization in JPEG.
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3 (d)
How do you generate the tag value in Arithmetic Coding? Generate the tag
value considering the three alphabets A = {a1, a2, a3} with given probabilities as
P(a1)=0.7, P(a2)=0.1 and P(a3)=0.2
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4 (a)
Explain using pseudo code integer arithmetic encoding algorithm.
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4 (b)
What is Dictionary coding? Compare and construct LZ77 and LZSS algorithms.
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4 (c)
Explain using pseudo code integer arithmetic decoding algorithm.
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4 (d)
Given an initial dictionary consisting of the letters a, b, r, y, #, encode the
following message using the LZW algorithm.
a#bar#array#by#barrayar#bay
a#bar#array#by#barrayar#bay
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5 (a)
Explain usage of Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) in JPEG.
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5 (b)
Write short note on PNG.
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5 (c)
What are the various measures of performance of data compression algorithms?
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5 (d)
Explain using suitable diagram the audio compression technique.
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